Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is an Experiment?01:12

What is an Experiment?

An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
Crossover Experiments01:16

Crossover Experiments

Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Completely Randomized and Randomized Block Designs01:20

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Completely Randomized and Randomized Block Designs

Bioequivalence experimental study designs are crucial methodologies used in evaluating and comparing the bioavailability of different drug products. These designs are categorized into various types: completely randomized, randomized block, repeated measures, cross and carry-over, and Latin square designs.Completely randomized designs involve randomly allocating treatments to all subjects participating in the experiment. This allocation is achieved by assigning unique random numbers to subjects...
Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs01:15

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs

Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Lactulose for the Prevention and Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver·2026
Same authorSame journal

The Transitional Liver Clinic: Study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial.

Hepatology communications·2026
Same author

Ahead, a Novel Validated Machine Learning Model for Clinical Diagnosis of Alcohol Associated Hepatitis.

Research square·2026
Same author

United States Experience With Terlipressin in Hepatorenal Syndrome: Response, Mortality, and Transplant Outcomes - Results From the HRS Harmony Consortium.

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association·2026
Same author

Predictive modeling and clinical decision tools for risk stratification in steatotic liver disease.

Clinical and molecular hepatology·2026
Same author

Burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, with and without metabolic syndrome, obesity, or diabetes.

BMC gastroenterology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Community-based Adapted Tango Dancing for Individuals with Parkinson's Disease and Older Adults
09:19

Community-based Adapted Tango Dancing for Individuals with Parkinson's Disease and Older Adults

Published on: December 9, 2014

25.5K

LIVE-SMART: A sequential, multiple assignment randomized trial to reduce falls in cirrhosis.

Elliot B Tapper1, Samantha Nikirk1, Donna M Evon2

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.

Hepatology Communications
|February 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This clinical trial investigates if lactulose or TeleTai-Chi can reduce falls and improve quality of life in cirrhosis patients. The study aims to find effective interventions for patient well-being.

More Related Videos

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
07:27

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

Published on: October 6, 2016

10.1K
Author Spotlight: Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients With a Digital Occupational Training System
07:35

Author Spotlight: Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients With a Digital Occupational Training System

Published on: December 29, 2023

1.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Community-based Adapted Tango Dancing for Individuals with Parkinson's Disease and Older Adults
09:19

Community-based Adapted Tango Dancing for Individuals with Parkinson's Disease and Older Adults

Published on: December 9, 2014

25.5K
Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
07:27

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

Published on: October 6, 2016

10.1K
Author Spotlight: Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients With a Digital Occupational Training System
07:35

Author Spotlight: Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients With a Digital Occupational Training System

Published on: December 29, 2023

1.1K

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Geriatrics
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Falls pose a significant risk to patients with cirrhosis.
  • Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and its complications impact patient well-being.
  • Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a critical outcome in chronic liver disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of lactulose therapy in reducing falls among cirrhosis patients.
  • To assess the impact of TeleTai-Chi on fall prevention and HRQOL in this population.
  • To determine if a combination of lactulose and TeleTai-Chi offers synergistic benefits for patients with cirrhosis.

Main Methods:

  • A 24-week randomized controlled trial enrolling patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
  • Stage 1: Lactulose therapy versus enhanced usual care.
  • Stage 2: TeleTai-Chi versus usual care. Primary composite outcome includes falls, HE, and mortality.

Main Results:

  • Study is ongoing; results are pending.
  • The primary outcome is a hierarchical composite of injurious falls, noninjurious falls, incident HE, and death/transplantation.
  • Secondary outcomes include cognitive function, days-alive and out-of-hospital, and HRQOL.

Conclusions:

  • The study will provide crucial data on fall prevention strategies for cirrhosis patients.
  • Findings may inform clinical practice guidelines for managing patients with cirrhosis.
  • Dissemination includes publication and patient-focused webinars to share study outcomes.