Weaving liquid crystal elastomer fiber actuators for multifunctional soft robotics

Inspired by the remarkable adaptability observed in biological organisms, multifunctional soft robotics have emerged as promising systems capable of navigating complex environments. In this study, we present a strategy for weaving fiber soft actuators to overcome the existing limitations in deformation capabilities and complex manufacturing processes. This strategy combines traditional rope artistry with the advanced responsive characteristics of electro-driven liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) fibers, facilitating the efficient creation of multifunctional soft actuators. Leveraging this strategy, we have developed four distinct types of soft actuators: the double twisting weaving actuator (DTWA), the circular four-strand weaving actuator (CFWA), the orthogonal weaving actuator (OWA), and the diagonal weaving actuator (DWA). These weaving fiber soft actuators can be readily assembled in various soft robots, granting multiple functionalities, including surface shape programmability, biomimetic blood pumping inspired by the cardiac muscle, and versatile locomotion modes such as crawling and swimming. Our proposed strategy offers unprecedented opportunities for multifunctional soft robots in performing complex tasks.