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Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

Published on: January 21, 2016

Deformation-tolerant, wireless-charging microbatteries for seamlessly integrated omnidirectional stretchable

Ying Wang^1,2, Yang Zhao², Li Yu³

¹Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Science Advances

|February 19, 2025

Summary

We developed new stretchable wireless-charging microbatteries (MBs) that seamlessly integrate into flexible electronics. These deformation-tolerant MBs offer significantly higher power and energy densities for advanced electronic devices.

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrical Engineering
Energy Storage

Background:

Integrating microbatteries (MBs) into flexible electronics is challenging due to structural and material limitations.
Existing in-plane MBs lack the necessary compatibility and mechanical stability for complex configurations.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop novel stretchable, wireless-charging MBs with enhanced compatibility and mechanical robustness.
To improve power and energy densities for advanced flexible electronic systems.

Main Methods:

Utilized an omnidirectional stretch-contraction strategy and mask-assisted printing for MB fabrication.
Engineered dual-plating MBs with strain-induced folding structures and a no-active-material design.

Main Results:

Achieved MBs with reliable deformation-tolerant capabilities, sustaining ~200% omnidirectional strains.
Demonstrated an order of magnitude increase in power and energy densities compared to existing in-plane MBs.
Successfully integrated MBs into wirelessly charging stretchable display circuits and intelligent electronic skin.

Conclusions:

The developed MBs offer exceptional compatibility and elastic properties for seamless integration into flexible electronics.
These MBs enable advanced applications like wirelessly charging stretchable displays and electronic skin capable of sensing complex stimuli.