[Research progress in etiology and prevention of bone cement implantation syndrome]

To introduce the etiology and prevention of bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS).

The literature about BCIS at home and abroad in recent years was extensively reviewed, and the incidence, clinical manifestations, etiology, and prevention of BCIS were summarized and analyzed.

The clinical manifestations of BCIS are diverse. The etiology of BCIS is not completely clarified, and it may be related to circulating methyl methacrylate-mediated model, embolus-mediated model, histamine release and hypersensitivity response, complement activation and multimodal model. BCIS prevention begins with the identification of high-risk patients in preoperative evaluation and communication between surgeon and anesthesiologist about the choice of implant type, surgical procedure, and technique to minimize the risk of cardiovascular complications in high-risk patients with multiple or severe risk factors or comorbidities. Preoperative assessment and optimization of a patient's cardiovascular reserve is also critical to prevent BCIS.

BCIS is a possible complication after hip joint arthroplasty, and its pathogenesis needs to be further research in order to provide new ideas for prevention and treatment.