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Updated: May 27, 2025

Phenotyping Mouse Pulmonary Function In Vivo with the Lung Diffusing Capacity
Published on: January 6, 2015
Sex and gender differences during the lung lifespan: unveiling a pivotal impact
Pasquale Tondo1, Claudia Meschi2,3, Marco Mantero4,5
1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia; Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, Polyclinic Foggia University-Hospital, Foggia, Italy.
Abstract:
Sex and gender differences significantly influence lung parenchyma development, beginning as early as the embryonic stages of human life. Although this association is well known in the clinical manifestations of some relevant pulmonary diseases, there is less data available regarding their effects on cell biological programmes across different stages of body development. A deep understanding of these mechanisms could help in defining preventive strategies tailored to a fully personalised approach to respiratory medicine. From this perspective, this review aims to analyse the influence of sex and gender on bronchoalveolar and vascular compartments from embryonic and neonatal stages through to adolescence, adulthood and elder age.
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