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Role of SCCA and CYFRA 21-1 in the differential diagnosis of sinonasal benign and malignant diseases.

Bingqing Xu1, Zengxiao Zhang2, Lin Wang2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.

Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery : Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery
|February 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) and cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) show potential as serum tumor markers. These markers can help differentiate between chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, sinonasal inverted papilloma, and sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma.

Keywords:
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polypsCytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1Sinonasal inverted papillomaSinonasal squamous cell carcinomaSquamous cell carcinoma antigen

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Oncology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) diagnosis can be challenging, requiring differentiation from benign and malignant sinonasal conditions.
  • Previous studies suggested serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) and cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) as potential diagnostic markers for SNIP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To further investigate the role of SCCA and CYFRA 21-1 in the diagnosis of SNIP and related sinonasal diseases.
  • To evaluate the expression of SCCA and CYFRA 21-1 in tumor tissues and serum for differential diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical data and preoperative serum levels of SCCA and CYFRA 21-1 were collected from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), SNIP, and sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC).
  • Tissue expression of SCCA and CYFRA 21-1 was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
  • Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify significant serum tumor markers for differential diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • SNIP patients exhibited the highest serum SCCA levels, while SNSCC patients showed the highest serum CYFRA 21-1 levels.
  • Tissue analysis confirmed higher SCCA expression in SNIP tissues compared to other groups.
  • Serum SCCA and CYFRA 21-1 were identified as significant risk factors in the logistic regression analysis for differentiating the three conditions.

Conclusions:

  • SCCA and CYFRA 21-1 demonstrate utility as serum tumor markers for distinguishing between CRSwNP, SNIP, and SNSCC.
  • These findings provide a basis for using SCCA and CYFRA 21-1 in the non-invasive diagnosis and differential diagnosis of sinonasal pathologies.