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The Sulfur Cycle

The Sulfur Cycle

Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry,...

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.

Sulfate Attack on Concrete

Sulfate Attack on Concrete

Sulfate attack on concrete is a deterioration process characterized by a whitish discoloration beginning at the edges and corners, accompanied by cracking and spalling. This phenomenon occurs when sulfates react with the components of hardened concrete, forming compounds like calcium sulfate and calcium sulfoaluminate which occupy more space than the substances they replace, causing the concrete to expand and disrupt.
Sulfates from sources like soil, groundwater, or industrial effluents...

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.

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Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in PolyS-Divinylbenzene

Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in PolyS-Divinylbenzene

Published on: May 20, 2019

Adding Value into Elementary Sulfur for Sustainable Materials.

Zhengtie Huang¹, Yuanxin Deng¹, Da-Hui Qu¹

¹Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|February 19, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sulfur-rich copolymers offer sustainable alternatives to plastics, with diverse synthesis methods enabling applications in energy, optics, and environmental remediation. Research highlights their potential in advanced materials and devices.

Keywords:

elemental sulfur sulfur-rich copolymers value-added utilization

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Published on: April 9, 2018

Area of Science:

Polymer Chemistry
Materials Science
Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

Sulfur-rich copolymers present a sustainable alternative to conventional carbon-based plastics.
Dynamic disulfide bonds and high sulfur content characterize these promising materials.
Inverse vulcanization, developed in 2013, initiated diverse synthesis strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the latest synthesis strategies for sulfur-rich copolymers.
To highlight applications in energy, optics, engineering, environmental remediation, and triboelectric nanogenerators.
To provide a forward-looking perspective on opportunities and challenges in the field.

Main Methods:

Exploration of various polymerization techniques including thermopolymerization and photoinduced polymerization.
Utilization of diverse crosslinkers like mercaptans, episulfides, benzoxazines, and cyclic disulfides.
Review of sulfur and sulfur-based reactions for material synthesis.

Main Results:

Advancements in synthesis have led to materials with applications in optical windows, metal uptake, and adhesives.
Unique electronic properties make these materials suitable for cathodes in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries.
Potential demonstrated in triboelectric nanogenerators due to their electronic characteristics.

Conclusions:

Sulfur-rich copolymers are versatile sustainable materials with broad application potential.
Continued research into synthesis and properties will drive innovation in energy storage and beyond.
The field presents significant opportunities and challenges for future development.