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Cardiovascular comorbidities in Chinese inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Zhe Dong1, Gang Wu2, Hongbing Liu3

  • 1Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.

Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)
|February 19, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) show distinct patterns, including hypertension and heart failure. Male sex and specific antipsychotics are linked to higher CVD risks in these patients.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a primary cause of premature death in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs).
  • Understanding CVD comorbidity patterns in SSD patients is crucial for targeted interventions.
  • Previous research has not sufficiently detailed these comorbidity patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify distinct patterns of CVD comorbidity among inpatients with SSDs.
  • To investigate factors associated with these identified CVD comorbidity patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify comorbidity patterns from electronic medical records (EMRs) of 2830 Chinese inpatients (2015-2023).
  • Multinomial logit analysis assessed the influence of various factors on these patterns, calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Main Results:

  • Four distinct CVD comorbidity patterns were identified: low-risk CVDs (47.86%), primary hypertension (30.15%), heart failure (12.99%), and cardiac valve and vascular disorders (8.99%).
  • Male patients had a higher likelihood of primary hypertension (OR=1.15) and heart failure (OR=5.36) compared to the low-risk group.
  • Comorbid CVDs were associated with the use of typical and atypical antipsychotics, anxiolytics, sedatives, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers. Perphenazine (OR=22.06) and chlorpromazine hydrochloride (OR=7.09) showed strong links to heart failure.

Conclusions:

  • Four distinct CVD comorbidity patterns exist in Chinese patients with SSDs, with hypertension and heart failure being prominent.
  • Demographic variations and psychotropic medication use are significantly associated with these CVD patterns.
  • These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing the clinical management and treatment strategies for comorbid CVDs in SSD patients.

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