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Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer

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Published on: October 15, 2015

Nonequilibrium interfacial diffusivity resolves anomalies in monolayer hydrodynamics.

Tyler J Mucci¹, Bruce L Liu¹, Joe A Adam¹

¹Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Troy, New York 12180, USA.

Physical Review. E

|February 20, 2025

Summary

Researchers found that using equilibrium surface diffusivity in non-equilibrium systems causes anomalies in surface dilatational viscosity. Enhanced diffusivity, possibly due to phase domains, explains these issues in surfactant monolayer hydrodynamics.

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Area of Science:

Physical Chemistry
Fluid Dynamics
Surface Science

Background:

Hydrodynamics of surfactant monolayers depend on surface tension, shear viscosity, dilatational viscosity, and diffusivity.
Surface dilatational viscosity studies show anomalies, including apparent negative values, suggesting a gap in understanding.
Existing models often assume equilibrium conditions, which may not apply to dynamic interfacial phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the anomalies observed in surface dilatational viscosity measurements.
To identify the factors contributing to discrepancies in surfactant monolayer hydrodynamics.
To determine the role of surface diffusivity in non-equilibrium interfacial flow systems.

Main Methods:

Employed full-field interfacial velocity measurements to capture dynamic surface behavior.
Utilized Navier-Stokes equations to model and analyze the interfacial flow fields.
Compared measurements in non-equilibrium systems with predictions based on equilibrium surface diffusivity.

Main Results:

Revealed that using equilibrium surface diffusivity for non-equilibrium systems is a source of anomalies.
Observed surface diffusivity values over seven orders of magnitude larger than equilibrium values in nonsolenoidal flow fields.
Identified micron-sized phase domains within the monolayer as the probable cause for this enhanced diffusivity.

Conclusions:

The study highlights the critical importance of considering non-equilibrium effects in interfacial hydrodynamics.
Apparent anomalies in surface dilatational viscosity can be explained by the significant enhancement of surface diffusivity in dynamic systems.
Micron-sized phase domains are implicated as a key structural feature driving enhanced diffusivity and influencing monolayer hydrodynamics.