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Phase Transitions02:31

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
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The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
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States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

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The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
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Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
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Dynamical quantum phase transitions and quantum thermodynamics: An approach through dynamical transformations.

You-Yang Xu1

  • 1Kunming University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Kunming 650500, China.

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This study introduces a new quantum mechanics picture, enabling manipulation of Hamiltonian components. It reveals connections between dynamical topological and accidental quantum phase transitions and improves quantum thermodynamics analyses.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Theoretical Physics

Background:

  • Quantum mechanics offers multiple equivalent pictures for phenomena, but their full potential is underutilized.
  • Existing methods face challenges in analyzing quantum thermodynamics, especially in systems with strong system-reservoir coupling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a novel quantum mechanical picture, the opposite of the interaction picture.
  • Investigate the implications of this new picture for dynamical quantum phase transitions and quantum thermodynamics.
  • Address limitations in defining thermodynamic quantities for systems with strong coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a new quantum picture via a transformation of the time evolution operator.
  • Explored picture equivalence to analyze dynamical quantum phase transitions and quantum thermodynamics.
  • Utilized time-reversal operations to study relationships between different types of quantum phase transitions.

Main Results:

  • The novel picture allows manipulation of the relative weight of Hamiltonian components.
  • A significant relationship was found between dynamical topological quantum phase transitions and accidental ones.
  • The picture-based transformation successfully addresses challenges in defining thermodynamic quantities for strongly coupled systems.

Conclusions:

  • The introduced quantum picture offers a new tool for manipulating quantum systems.
  • New insights into the fundamental connections between different types of quantum phase transitions were revealed.
  • The method provides a robust framework for quantum thermodynamics analyses, even in strongly coupled regimes.