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Complement abnormalities during contrast media procedures.

Z Parvez, R Moncada

International Journal of Immunopharmacology

|January 1, 1985

Summary

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Both iothalamate and diatrizoate contrast media (CM) reduced complement levels in patients. Iothalamate caused a more significant drop, suggesting potential risks for immunocompromised individuals.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Radiology

Background:

Intravascular contrast media (CM) are widely used in medical imaging.
Understanding CM's effects on the immune system, specifically complement, is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate complement system changes after administration of diatrizoate and iothalamate.
To compare the effects of these two common CM on complement component C3 and total hemolytic function.

Main Methods:

Blood samples were collected from 26 patients before and 15 minutes after CM infusion.
Complement component C3 levels and total hemolytic complement function were measured.
Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) was used as an anticoagulant.

Main Results:

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Iothalamate administration led to a 28% drop in C3 and a 19% change in total hemolytic complement.

Diatrizoate administration resulted in a 20% C3 decrease and a 15% reduction in total hemolytic complement.

Iothalamate, being hyperosmolar and hyperviscous, may be responsible for greater complement alterations.

Conclusions:

Both CM affect complement levels, with iothalamate showing a more pronounced effect.
Hyperosmolarity and hyperviscosity of CM might influence complement activation.
Patient screening for complement profiles could help minimize adverse reactions to CM.