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Prey capture learning drives critical period-specific plasticity in mouse binocular visual cortex.

Diane Bissen1, Brian A Cary1, Amanda Zhang1

  • 1Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.

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PubMed
Summary

Enhanced visual experience during critical periods improves visual function and rewires the brain. This involves increased excitatory connections and spine turnover in the primary visual cortex, mediated by TNFα.

Keywords:
Prey capture learningTNFαcritical perioddendritic spinehomeostatic plasticitystructural plasticitytemporal frequency tuningvisual cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Visual System Plasticity

Background:

  • Critical periods are vital developmental windows for brain plasticity and circuit refinement.
  • Sensory deprivation effects during critical periods are well-studied, but enhanced experience effects are less understood.
  • The primary visual cortex undergoes significant changes during these periods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of enhanced sensory experience (prey capture learning) on visual system plasticity during critical periods.
  • To assess structural and functional changes in the primary visual cortex associated with visual learning.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a prey capture learning paradigm in mice during their critical period.
  • Assessed structural plasticity, including excitatory connectivity and spine turnover.
  • Evaluated functional plasticity through temporal frequency discrimination tests.
  • Investigated the role of TNFα in mediating observed plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Prey capture learning significantly improved temporal frequency discrimination in critical period mice.
  • This learning induced substantial remodeling of visual circuitry, marked by increased excitatory connectivity and spine turnover.
  • These rewiring effects were persistent and not observed in adult mice.
  • TNFα-dependent mechanisms were identified as crucial for mediating this plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • Enhanced visual experience during critical periods drives structural plasticity to improve visual function.
  • This experience promotes long-lasting increases in spine dynamics, potentially enhancing future plasticity.
  • TNFα signaling plays a key role in mediating experience-dependent visual cortex rewiring.