Proteoform identification using multiplexed top-down mass spectra

Top-down mass spectrometry (TDMS) is the method of choice for analyzing intact proteoforms, as well as their post-translational modifications and sequence variations. In TDMS experiments, multiple proteoforms are often co-fragmented in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis, resulting in multiplexed TD-MS/MS spectra. Since multiplexed TD-MS/MS spectra are more complex than common spectra generated from single proteoforms, these spectra pose a significant challenge for proteoform identification and quantification. Here we present TopMPI, a new computational tool specifically designed for the identification of multiplexed TD-MS/MS spectra. Experimental results demonstrate that TopMPI significantly increases proteoform identifications and reduces identification errors in multiplexed TD-MS/MS spectral analysis compared to existing tools.