Elevated Micro- and Nanoplastics Detected in Preterm Human Placentae

Area of Science:

• Environmental Health
• Reproductive Science
• Toxicology

Background:

• Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are increasingly detected across environmental, dietary, and biological samples.
• Concerns are rising regarding the potential health impacts of MNP exposure.
• The relationship between MNP exposure and preterm birth (PTB) has not been previously investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

• To quantify MNP polymers in placentae from term and preterm deliveries.
• To investigate the association between MNP concentrations and PTB.
• To identify specific MNP types linked to PTB and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Quantification of 12 MNP polymers in placental tissues from 87 term and 71 preterm deliveries.
• Utilized pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) for MNP analysis.
• Employed logistic regression to identify independent predictors of PTB.

Main Results:

• Cumulative MNP concentrations were significantly higher (28%) in placentae from PTB compared to term deliveries.
• Elevated levels of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PU), and polycarbonate (PC) were observed in PTB placentae.
• PET, PU, and PC inversely correlated with gestational age and birth weight; PVC and PC were identified as independent predictors of PTB.

Conclusions:

• This study provides the first evidence linking MNP presence in placentae to preterm birth.
• Specific MNPs, including PVC and PC, are associated with an increased risk of PTB.
• Findings underscore the need to minimize MNP exposure during pregnancy to mitigate risks to maternal and neonatal health.