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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
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Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
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Scrofuloderma: report of two cases.

Dusan Skiljevic1, Maja Vilotijevic1, Jelena Stojkovic Filipovic1

  • 1Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.

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|February 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) aids in diagnosing rare cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) cases, even when traditional tests fail. Early diagnosis and treatment of scrofuloderma improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Mycobacetium tuberculosiscutaneous tuberculosisscrofuloderma

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) is a rare manifestation, accounting for <1-2% of all TB cases.
  • Scrofuloderma, a subcutaneous form of cutaneous TB, arises from direct infection spread.
  • Diagnosis can be challenging due to rarity and difficulties in microbiological testing, particularly for paucibacillary forms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight diagnostic challenges in scroderma, a form of cutaneous TB.
  • To emphasize the utility of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in diagnosing challenging cases.
  • To underscore the importance of increased dermatologist awareness for timely diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of two patients with scroderma presenting diagnostic difficulties.
  • Utilized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on tissue specimens and ulcer swabs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection.
  • Compared PCR results with traditional microbiological tests (microscopy, culture) and histopathology.

Main Results:

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified by PCR in both patients, while other microbiological tests were negative.
  • Histopathological findings were consistent with cutaneous TB in both cases.
  • Both patients responded well to standard anti-tubercular therapy, with one requiring treatment adjustment due to adverse effects.

Conclusions:

  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a valuable tool for diagnosing challenging cutaneous TB cases, especially when conventional methods are negative.
  • Histopathological findings, while suggestive, are not definitive for cutaneous TB.
  • Enhanced dermatologist awareness is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management of scroderma and other cutaneous TB forms.