Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chunking01:12

Chunking

52
Chunking is a powerful cognitive technique that improves short-term memory retention by organizing information into smaller, more manageable units. The brain, limited by working memory capacity, can more easily process and store information when it is divided into "chunks" rather than presented as discrete, unrelated elements. Chunking is especially useful when dealing with large amounts of information, such as numerical sequences, words, or complex ideas.
The principle behind chunking...
52
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

134
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
134
Understanding Memory01:19

Understanding Memory

230
Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
230
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

99
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
99
Forgetting01:21

Forgetting

51
Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
Encoding...
51
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

7.3K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The correlations of insomnia symptoms with psychopathology and hematological parameters as well as gender differences in patients with schizophrenia.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Direct comparison of temporal error monitoring in humans and rats.

iScience·2026
Same author

PTPN1/PTPN2 inhibition improves NK cancer therapy by enhancing IL-2 and mitigating TGFβ1 responses.

EMBO reports·2026
Same author

The CHI3L1-neutrophil axis drives immune suppression and breast cancer metastatic dissemination.

JCI insight·2026
Same author

A Passage of Time Signal in the Human Brain.

eNeuro·2026
Same author

Spontaneous Oscillatory Activity in Episodic Timing: An EEG Replication Study and Its Limitations.

eNeuro·2026
Same journal

Testing the predictions of a distinctiveness model of memory: The production effect in backward recall.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

On the impact of adjacency on transposed-word effects under serial presentation.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

It's time to opt out: Metacognitive analysis of time regulation under uncertainty.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

The role of statistical learning in attentional guidance during search through naturalistic scenes.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

Representing objects and features in long-term memory: A case for direct feature-feature binding.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

Crossmodal correspondences influence adaptation during rule-based category learning of objects.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Automated Lifespan Monitoring – Discovering Aging Dynamics with the Lifespan Machine
08:53

Author Spotlight: Automated Lifespan Monitoring – Discovering Aging Dynamics with the Lifespan Machine

Published on: January 26, 2024

941

Abstracting time in memory.

Sophie K Herbst1, Izem Mangione1, Tadeusz W Kononowicz1

  • 1French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, NeuroSpin, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Universite Paris-Saclay.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|February 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that memory stores event durations as discrete items, not continuous features. Recall precision decreases with more items, indicating durations are itemized in working memory.

More Related Videos

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory
08:08

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory

Published on: June 18, 2014

26.9K
Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

33.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Automated Lifespan Monitoring – Discovering Aging Dynamics with the Lifespan Machine
08:53

Author Spotlight: Automated Lifespan Monitoring – Discovering Aging Dynamics with the Lifespan Machine

Published on: January 26, 2024

941
Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory
08:08

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory

Published on: June 18, 2014

26.9K
Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

33.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Future planning requires accurate memory of event durations.
  • The precise mechanism of duration storage in memory remains unclear.
  • Distinguishing between continuous and discrete memory storage is crucial for understanding temporal cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether elapsed time is stored as a continuous feature or discrete items in working memory.
  • To develop and utilize a novel n-item delayed duration reproduction task.
  • To differentiate the effects of item number and sequence duration on recall precision.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and employed an n-item delayed duration reproduction task.
  • Presented participants with nonisochronous sequences of time intervals delimited by tones.
  • Manipulated the number of time intervals (n-item) and overall sequence duration across three experiments (N=58).

Main Results:

  • Recall precision significantly decreased as the number of items in the sequence increased.
  • Findings indicate that durations are stored as discrete items within working memory.
  • Analyses distinguished between reproduction biases and working memory load via precision decrease.

Conclusions:

  • Event durations are likely stored as discrete items in working memory.
  • Working memory capacity impacts the precision of duration recall.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the conditions for full abstraction of durations in memory.