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Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...

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Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2025

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

High-Intensity Interval Training for Individuals With Isolated Impaired Fasting Glucose: Protocol for a

Sathish Thirunavukkarasu^1,2, Thomas R Ziegler³, Mary Beth Weber⁴

¹Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.

JMIR Research Protocols

|February 20, 2025

Summary

This study assesses the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for individuals with isolated impaired fasting glucose (i-IFG). Findings will inform future trials on preventing type 2 diabetes through tailored exercise interventions.

Keywords:

diabetes diabetes incidence fasting glucose fasting hyperglycemia feasibility glucose high-intensity interval training hyperglycemia insulin interval training isolated impaired fasting glucose obese overweight prediabetes proof of concept type 2 diabetes weight

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Last Updated: May 27, 2025

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Area of Science:

Exercise Physiology
Metabolic Health
Diabetes Prevention

Background:

Standard lifestyle interventions show limited success in preventing type 2 diabetes in individuals with isolated impaired fasting glucose (i-IFG).
Tailored interventions are crucial for this high-risk population.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program for individuals with i-IFG.
To explore the preliminary efficacy of HIIT in reducing fasting plasma glucose and addressing i-IFG pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

A 1:1 proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial involving 34 overweight/obese, physically inactive individuals with i-IFG.
Participants will be monitored with continuous glucose monitoring for ~80 days during an 8-week supervised HIIT intervention or a control period.
Assessments include clinical measures (glucose, insulin, body composition) and participant experiences.

Main Results:

Recruitment begins February 2025, with follow-up by September 2025.
Study findings are anticipated by the end of 2025.

Conclusions:

This study is expected to provide data to design a larger randomized controlled trial.
Results will guide the development of HIIT interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention in the i-IFG population.