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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
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Anesthetic Effects on Neuronally-based Resting-state Functional Connectivity (S43.008).

James Lai¹, Tao Qin¹, David Boas²

¹Massachusetts General Hospital.

|February 20, 2025

Summary

Tribromoethanol showed the highest functional connectivity in mice compared to ketamine/xylazine and isoflurane. This highlights the importance of choosing the right anesthetic for brain connectivity studies.

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Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

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Published on: January 13, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Anesthesiology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) measures correlated brain signals during rest.
fMRI in humans tracks blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals for RSFC.
Anesthetic effects on neuronal signals in mice are less understood than hemodynamic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate how tribromoethanol, isoflurane, and ketamine/xylazine impact neuronally and hemodynamically based functional connectivity.
Compare the effects of different anesthetics on brain activity and blood flow.
Determine the optimal anesthetic for studying functional connectivity in mice.

Main Methods:

Used Thy1-GCaMP6f mice with genetically encoded calcium indicators to monitor neuronal activity.
Employed GCaMP fluorescence and optical intrinsic signal imaging.
Administered tribromoethanol, isoflurane, and ketamine/xylazine sequentially to each mouse in a randomized order.
Calculated bihemispheric connectivity index (BCI) and z-transformed correlation coefficients.

Main Results:

Tribromoethanol demonstrated the highest bihemispheric connectivity index (BCI) for both neuronal and hemodynamic signals.
Tribromoethanol's BCI was significantly higher than ketamine/xylazine and isoflurane.
Ketamine/xylazine showed reduced variability and the highest correlation between neuronal and hemodynamic signals.
All anesthetics exhibited high correlations between GCaMP and oxy-hemoglobin signals.

Conclusions:

Tribromoethanol optimized BCI more effectively than ketamine/xylazine and isoflurane.
Isoflurane exhibited significant variability in functional connectivity measures.
Anesthetic selection is crucial for accurate functional connectivity studies in mice.