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The effect of PM2.5 exposure on placenta and its associated metabolites: A birth cohort study
Kuancheng Wang1, Liyi Zhang1, Qiang Li2
1Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
The placenta is an important organ for fetal growth. Air pollution during pregnancy may cause adverse effects on offsprings via placental dysfunction. However, the metabolites underlie the effects of PM2.5 on placenta have not been well studied. 329 pregnant women were randomly selected from the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort. Gestational PM2.5 exposure levels were assessed using individual air sampling method and satellite-based exposure assessment mode, respectively. Placental weight, length, width and thickness were measured by obstetrician-gynecologist at the time of delivery. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to quantify metabolites in serum from the first and third trimester. Associations between PM2.5 and placental characteristics were analyzed by generalized estimating equation and multiple linear regression. The exposure-response relationship was plotted using restricted cubic splines (RCS). Based on the meet-in-the-middle approach, the metabolites underlying the effects of PM2.5 on placenta were explored. The associations between placental width (βTrimester2=-0.497, 95 %CI: -0.801, -0.193), (βTrimester3=-0.279, 95 % CI: -0.543, -0.016) and chorionic disk area (βTrimester2=-12.634,95 %CI: -21.698, -3.570), (βTrimester3=-9.113, 95 %CI: -17.113, -1.112) with PM2.5 exposure at the second and third trimester were found. The associations between placental characteristics with PM2.5 exposure assessed by individual air sampling and satellite-based methods were consistent. L-arginine (L-Arg), caprylic acid (CA), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), glycylproline (Gly-Pro), maltotriose (MT) and N-acetylneuramic acid (NANA) intermediate the effect of PM2.5 exposure on placental chorionic disk area in the third trimester. CONCLUSION: The second and third trimesters may be the sensitive windows of placental abnormalities to PM2.5 exposure. Caprylic acid (CA), glycylproline (Gly-Pro), and N-acetylneuramic acid (NANA) play a key role on the effects of PM2.5 exposure on placenta. This study provides potential biomarkers of placental exposure to PM2.5, providing an opportunity for future research as well as detection.
The placenta is an important organ for fetal growth. Air pollution during pregnancy may cause adverse effects on offsprings via placental dysfunction. However, the metabolites underlie the effects of PM2.5 on placenta have not been well studied. 329 pregnant women were randomly selected from the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort. Gestational PM2.5 exposure levels were assessed using individual air sampling method and satellite-based exposure assessment mode, respectively. Placental weight, length, width and thickness were measured by obstetrician-gynecologist at the time of delivery. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to quantify metabolites in serum from the first and third trimester. Associations between PM2.5 and placental characteristics were analyzed by generalized estimating equation and multiple linear regression. The exposure-response relationship was plotted using restricted cubic splines (RCS). Based on the meet-in-the-middle approach, the metabolites underlying the effects of PM2.5 on placenta were explored. The associations between placental width (βTrimester2=-0.497, 95 %CI: -0.801, -0.193), (βTrimester3=-0.279, 95 % CI: -0.543, -0.016) and chorionic disk area (βTrimester2=-12.634,95 %CI: -21.698, -3.570), (βTrimester3=-9.113, 95 %CI: -17.113, -1.112) with PM2.5 exposure at the second and third trimester were found. The associations between placental characteristics with PM2.5 exposure assessed by individual air sampling and satellite-based methods were consistent. L-arginine (L-Arg), caprylic acid (CA), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), glycylproline (Gly-Pro), maltotriose (MT) and N-acetylneuramic acid (NANA) intermediate the effect of PM2.5 exposure on placental chorionic disk area in the third trimester. CONCLUSION: The second and third trimesters may be the sensitive windows of placental abnormalities to PM2.5 exposure. Caprylic acid (CA), glycylproline (Gly-Pro), and N-acetylneuramic acid (NANA) play a key role on the effects of PM2.5 exposure on placenta. This study provides potential biomarkers of placental exposure to PM2.5, providing an opportunity for future research as well as detection.
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