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Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

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Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
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The Barium Swallow Study, or a Barium Esophagogram, is a diagnostic imaging method used to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It employs barium sulfate, a radiopaque contrast material, to provide clear images of the upper digestive system, helping to identify abnormalities, diseases, or structural issues.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2025

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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[The submalar hiatus].

V Mitz1

  • 1Public Assistance Hospitals Paris, 75006 Paris, France.

Annales De Chirurgie Plastique Et Esthetique
|February 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The submalar hiatus, a facial furrow, is debated in origin but can be addressed with surgical or non-operative aesthetic treatments. Understanding its anatomy aids in effective correction for patient concerns.

Keywords:
Acide hyaluroniqueAnatomie visageBiplane faceliftFace lipofillingFacial anatomyFacial ptosisHiatus sous-malaireHyaluronic acidLifting biplanLipofilling faceMedio-jugal sulcusPtose facialeSMASSillon medio-jugalSubmalar hiatusValley of tearsVallée des larmes

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Facial Aesthetics

Context:

  • The submalar hiatus is a facial furrow below the orbital arch, historically recognized and anatomically defined.
  • Its precise anatomical origin remains a subject of debate among experts.

Purpose:

  • To explore the anatomical basis and debated origins of the submalar hiatus.
  • To outline current surgical and non-operative treatment modalities for submalar hiatus correction.

Summary:

  • The submalar hiatus is an oblique furrow below the lower orbital arch, sometimes dividing the cheek.
  • Debated origins include fat compartment melting or localized fat loss with nasolabial fat pad rotation.
  • Correction involves surgical repositioning of the fatty rim via facelift techniques or non-operative aesthetic medicine.

Impact:

  • Provides clarity on the anatomical structure and etiology of the submalar hiatus.
  • Offers a comprehensive overview of treatment options, including surgical and aesthetic medicine approaches.
  • Aids clinicians in managing patient concerns related to the submalar hiatus.