Tuning Zn²⁺ Deposition Kinetics towards Deep-Reversible Zinc Metal Batteries with All-Climate Adaptability

Uncontrollable Zn dendrites and severe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) hamper the practical application of aqueous zinc-metal batteries, which closely related to the deposition kinetics and thermodynamic stability of Zn anode. In this work, we returned to the classic perspectives of kinetics and thermodynamics, introducing a small amount of reduced glutathione (RGSH) to reshape the kinetic behavior of Zn²⁺ deposition and increasing the thermodynamic energy barrier of HER. Specifically, the steric hindrance effect of RGSH tuned the electrochemical reduction kinetics to match Zn²⁺ migration and increased the proportion of Zn²⁺ in the bulk phase migration, thereby inducing dendrite-free deposition behavior with ordered (002) texturing. Meanwhile, RGSH with abundant hydrogen bond donors and acceptors reconfigures the coordination network of water molecules for all-climate adaptability, eliminating the accumulation of "dead Zn" at low temperature and the HER corrosion at high temperature. As a result, the advanced Zn||Zn symmetric cells deliver an extra-long cycling performance (over 4600 h) and a wide temperature tolerance (-20 °C~70 °C). Additionally, the NH₄V₄O₁₀||Zn full cell can operate stably for over 1000 cycles with 84.3 % capacity retention. Surprisingly, the practical NH₄V₄O₁₀||Zn pouch cell with limited N/P ratio (2.3) reserved 84.1 % capacity after 150 cycles.