Gender differences in the French Caribbean nursing homes

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Psychiatry
• Sociology

Background:

• Male residents constitute half of the older adult population in French Caribbean nursing homes, a demographic trend that warrants investigation.
• Existing hypotheses suggest a higher prevalence of psychotic disorders in men or sociocultural factors may contribute to this skewed sex ratio.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate gender differences in the clinical characteristics of older adults residing in French Caribbean nursing homes.
• To explore potential factors, including psychotic disorders and sociocultural elements, influencing the sex distribution in these long-term care facilities.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study was conducted with 332 older adults in French Caribbean nursing homes.
• Data collected included age, marital status, prevalence of major cognitive impairment (Mini Mental State Examination score ≤ 18), and presence of psychotic symptoms (delusions, hallucinations).
• Prescribed antipsychotic treatments and prevalence of depression and anxiety were also assessed for gender comparisons.

Main Results:

• Males were significantly younger (78.4 vs. 84.1 years), more often childless (51.9% vs. 36.7%), and single (62.5% vs. 53.4%) compared to females.
• The prevalence of major cognitive impairment was similar between genders (73.6% vs. 76.2%).
• While delusions and hallucinations were common in both, males were more likely to receive antipsychotic treatment (42.9% vs. 29%). Females showed higher rates of depression (24.5% vs. 12.9%) and anxiety (51.2% vs. 38.2%).

Conclusions:

• Familial isolation and the presence of psychotic disorders may contribute to the observed sex ratio in nursing homes.
• Healthcare services must prioritize the management of psychotic disorders in future long-term care planning for Caribbean facilities.
• Addressing gender-specific mental health needs, including depression and anxiety in females and psychosis management in males, is crucial for equitable care.