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Updated: May 27, 2025

Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm
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Management Strategies for Dissolved Organic Carbon Reduction from Forested Watersheds using the SWAT-C model.

Dongjun Lee1, Ritesh Karki2, Latif Kalin3

  • 1College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.

Environmental Management
|February 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Quantifying forest carbon cycles is complex. This study validated the Soil and Water Assessment Tool-Carbon (SWAT-C) for forested watersheds, finding forest conversion to longleaf pine reduced dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 40%.

Keywords:
Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC)ForestsManagement scenariosSoil and Water Assessment Tool-Carbon (SWAT-C)

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Hydrology
  • Forest Ecology

Background:

  • Forests are vital carbon sinks, but their carbon cycle processes are complex to quantify, especially within watersheds.
  • Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) transport from forests impacts drinking water quality by forming disinfection byproducts.
  • Existing models like the Soil and Water Assessment Tool-Carbon (SWAT-C) are often evaluated in non-forested areas, neglecting terrestrial carbon fluxes in forest-dominated regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the applicability of SWAT-C for simulating terrestrial and aquatic carbon fluxes in a forested watershed.
  • To analyze dominant pathways of DOC transport across the landscape in the Big Creek watershed.
  • To evaluate management scenarios for reducing DOC transport into aquatic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Applied the SWAT-C model to the forested Big Creek watershed in the south-central U.S.
  • Utilized remotely sensed data and other datasets for model calibration and validation.
  • Simulated three management scenarios: forest conversion, forest raking, and adjusted cropland biomass harvest.

Main Results:

  • SWAT-C demonstrated proficiency in simulating both terrestrial and aquatic carbon fluxes in forest-dominated regions.
  • Initializing and calibrating parameters for dominant land use/cover types significantly enhances model performance.
  • All tested management scenarios reduced DOC transport into streams; converting loblolly pine to longleaf pine forests yielded a 40% DOC reduction.

Conclusions:

  • SWAT-C is applicable for modeling carbon fluxes in forested watersheds, crucial for understanding watershed-scale carbon cycling.
  • Effective management strategies, such as specific forest conversions, can substantially mitigate DOC yields from forest-dominant watersheds.
  • Accurate parameterization of dominant land cover is key for reliable carbon flux simulations in watershed models.