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The Kaplan-Meier estimator is a non-parametric method used to estimate the survival function from time-to-event data. In medical research, it is frequently employed to measure the proportion of patients surviving for a certain period after treatment. This estimator is fundamental in analyzing time-to-event data, making it indispensable in clinical trials, epidemiological studies, and reliability engineering. By estimating survival probabilities, researchers can evaluate treatment effectiveness,...
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Conceptual framework as a guide to choose appropriate imputation method for missing values in a clinical structured

Marziyeh Afkanpour1,2, Diyana Tehrany Dehkordy1,2, Mehri Momeni1

  • 1Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

BMC Medical Research Methodology
|February 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study develops a conceptual framework to guide researchers in selecting the best data imputation methods. Proper imputation enhances analytical results and data trustworthiness.

Keywords:
Clinical tabular datasetConceptual frameworkEstimands frameworkImputation methodsMissing valuesSimulation studyTaxonomy of concepts

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Area of Science:

  • Data Science
  • Statistical Modeling

Background:

  • Missing data is prevalent in structured datasets.
  • Various imputation methods exist, with varying effectiveness.
  • Selecting the optimal imputation method is crucial for reliable analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a conceptual framework integrating diverse data imputation methods.
  • To aid researchers in choosing appropriate imputation techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a secondary analysis of a systematic review (58 studies) on imputation method selection factors.
  • Analyzed imputation implementation, considering missing data properties and ICH E9(R1) estimand framework.

Main Results:

  • Identified primary concepts and their interrelationships within the conceptual framework.
  • These concepts directly influence the selection of appropriate imputation methods.

Conclusions:

  • The integrated framework facilitates selecting imputation methods based on dataset characteristics.
  • Utilizing appropriate imputation improves the quality and credibility of research findings.