Perspectives of Key Partners on Improving Awareness of Virtual Harm Reduction Services: A Qualitative Study

Supervised Consumption Sites (SCS) have proven effective in reducing overdose-related deaths by providing safe spaces for people who use substances. However, barriers such as stigma, operating hours, and travel distance can limit access to SCS. Virtual harm reduction services such as phone-based overdose response hotlines and apps have emerged as an alternative when SCS access is hindered. These collectively have also been named Mobile Overdose Response Services (MORS). At this time, little is known about how best to increase awareness of these services.

For this qualitative study, 46 individuals across Canada were recruited to examine ways to improve awareness of virtual harm reduction. Semi-structured interviews with the participants were conducted. Data analysis using inductive thematic analysis informed by grounded theory was used to identify major themes.

Participants identified enhanced social marketing as a priority to raise awareness and reduce the stigma associated with substance use and MORS. Social media campaigns, endorsements from peers and healthcare professionals, and community support were suggested marketing strategies. The study revealed the importance of connecting with existing resources and services, including outreach teams, to improve MORS penetration. A cohesive system and reference lists were advocated for smoother access and navigation.

This study offers insights into key partners' perspectives and recommendations around increasing overdose response hotline and app awareness, thereby contributing to user harm reduction efforts.