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Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

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Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential...
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Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
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Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

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Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
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Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Electrochemistry: Overview01:04

Electrochemistry: Overview

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Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the relationship between electrical quantities and chemical reactions, particularly oxidation and reduction. Oxidation is the loss of electrons from a substance, whereas reduction refers to the gain of electrons. A substance with a strong electron affinity is called an oxidizing agent (oxidant), and a reducing agent (reductant) is a species that donates electrons. Oxidation and reduction processes are pivotal to electrochemical reactions,...
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Water in Electrocatalysis.

Yuliang Yuan1,2, Jin Li1, Yiting Zhu3

  • 1School of Marine Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tropic Ocean Engineering Materials and Materials Evaluation, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, P. R. China.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding water

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Area of Science:

  • Electrocatalysis
  • Clean Energy Conversion
  • Net-Zero Carbon Emissions

Background:

  • Water plays multiple roles in electrocatalysis, influencing mass transport, active sites, and kinetics.
  • The water-electrode interface, where the electrical double layer forms, is critical for electrocatalytic reactions.
  • Comprehending and regulating water's behavior is essential for optimizing electrocatalytic performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental understanding of water structure and electrochemical behavior.
  • To elucidate the specific functions and "water effect" in electrocatalysis.
  • To highlight recent advances in manipulating water for enhanced electrocatalytic efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Fundamental analysis of water structure and electrochemical behavior.
  • Elucidation of the "water effect" in various electrocatalytic reactions.
  • Review of recent literature on water manipulation strategies.

Main Results:

  • Water significantly impacts electrocatalytic activity, selectivity, and stability.
  • Specific roles of water as a medium, reactant, modifier, and promoter were detailed.
  • Advances in enhancing hydrogen evolution/oxidation, oxygen evolution/reduction, CO2 reduction, N2 reduction, and organic electrosynthesis via water manipulation were presented.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of water's role is crucial for advancing electrocatalysis.
  • Manipulating water offers significant opportunities to improve energy conversion efficiency.
  • Future research should focus on addressing remaining challenges and exploring new avenues in water-involved electrocatalysis.