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Registered Bioimaging of Nanomaterials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Monitoring
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Diffuse nuclear Overhauser effect MRI contrast changes detected in multiple sclerosis subjects at 7T.

Paul S Jacobs1, Anshuman Swain1, Neil Wilson1

  • 1Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Brain Communications
|February 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) imaging reveals metabolic differences in the brain for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This advanced MRI technique detects decreased lipids and proteins in normal-appearing brain tissue, offering new insights beyond standard MRI.

Keywords:
CESTNOElipid metabolismmagnetic resonancemultiple sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biochemistry
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease affecting ~1 million people in the USA.
  • Standard structural MRI is crucial for MS diagnosis and management but lacks metabolic profiling capabilities.
  • Ultra-high field 7T MRI enhances signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution, enabling advanced sequences like NOE imaging for metabolite analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To spatially map differences in lipid metabolites between MS patients and healthy controls using NOE imaging.
  • To investigate the potential of NOE imaging to detect metabolic changes in normal-appearing brain matter and lesions.
  • To compare NOE imaging findings with conventional T1 maps.

Main Methods:

  • Acquired NOE images on 15 MS subjects and 10 healthy controls using a 7T MRI system.
  • Utilized a five-pool Lorentzian line fitting model to quantify direct saturation (DS), magnetization transfer (MT), amide proton transfer (APT), amine, and relayed NOE (rNOE) pools.
  • Segmented grey matter, white matter, and lesions, and performed correlation analyses between disease duration and lesion load.

Main Results:

  • Statistically significant decreases observed in the rNOE pool in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) (11.4%) and normal-appearing grey matter (NAGM) (10.6%) in MS subjects compared to controls.
  • A significant decrease in the amine pool was also found in NAWM (15.3%) in MS subjects.
  • Measurable contrast changes in DS, amine, and rNOE pools were detected in MS lesions, which were not visible on T1 maps.

Conclusions:

  • NOE imaging reveals diffuse decreases in mobile lipids and proteins in the brains of MS patients, detectable in both normal-appearing and lesioned tissues.
  • These metabolic changes identified by NOE imaging are not discernible with conventional T1 mapping.
  • NOE imaging offers complementary metabolic information to conventional MRI, with potential for longitudinal disease tracking in MS and other demyelinating diseases.