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Hydroxychloroquine: A double‑edged sword (Review).

Rongxiu Huo1, Chengcheng Wei1, Yanting Yang1

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Molecular Medicine Reports
|February 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an antimalarial drug with diverse cellular mechanisms. This review strengthens its clinical use for autoimmune diseases while detailing potential adverse effects for rheumatology patients.

Keywords:
adverse eventshydroxychloroquinerheumatic diseasetoxic effect

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial, exhibits complex cellular and molecular actions.
  • Its efficacy extends to rheumatic diseases like lupus, antiphospholipid syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome.
  • While generally safe, HCQ can cause adverse reactions requiring careful patient monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the clinical application of hydroxychloroquine for autoimmune conditions.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of adverse effects associated with HCQ treatment.
  • To guide clinicians in the safe and effective prescription of HCQ for rheumatic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on hydroxychloroquine's mechanism of action.
  • Analysis of clinical data regarding HCQ's efficacy in autoimmune and rheumatic diseases.
  • Compilation of reported adverse events and safety profiles of HCQ.

Main Results:

  • Hydroxychloroquine impacts multiple cellular pathways, though its precise mechanisms require further elucidation.
  • Demonstrated disease-improving properties in various autoimmune and rheumatic conditions.
  • Identified specific adverse reactions necessitating vigilant clinical observation.

Conclusions:

  • Hydroxychloroquine is a valuable therapeutic agent for autoimmune diseases.
  • Understanding and monitoring adverse effects are crucial for optimizing HCQ therapy.
  • Further research into HCQ's mechanisms may refine its clinical application in rheumatology.