Bone metastases of prostate cancer: Molecular mechanisms, targeted diagnosis and targeted therapy (Review)

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Molecular Biology
• Genetics

Background:

• Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death in men globally.
• Advanced PCa commonly leads to bone metastases (~90% of patients), causing severe skeletal events.
• Current treatments for PCa bone metastasis are palliative, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the roles of protein-coding genes in PCa bone metastasis.
• To elucidate the significance of non-coding RNAs in the development of PCa bone metastases.
• To provide clinicians and researchers with a deep understanding for improved PCa management.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on PCa bone metastasis.
• Analysis of molecular mechanisms involving protein-coding genes.
• Investigation of non-coding RNA functions in PCa progression and bone metastasis.

Main Results:

• Identified key protein-coding genes implicated in PCa bone metastasis pathways.
• Highlighted the emerging roles of various non-coding RNAs in regulating PCa cell behavior and bone microenvironment.
• Summarized the efficacy and potential of novel targeted therapies (e.g., PSMA, PARP, PD-1 inhibitors).

Conclusions:

• Understanding the molecular underpinnings of PCa bone metastasis is crucial for effective disease management.
• Protein-coding genes and non-coding RNAs are critical players in PCa bone metastasis.
• This review offers insights into potential therapeutic targets for advanced PCa.