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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Molecular Biomarker Testing for Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Epigenomic Echoes-Decoding Genomic and Epigenetic Instability to Distinguish Lung Cancer Types and Predict Relapse.

Alexandra A Baumann1,2, Zholdas Buribayev3, Olaf Wolkenhauer1,4,5

  • 1Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Computer Science, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany.

Epigenomes
|February 21, 2025
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Summary

Cancer

Keywords:
biomarkersdisease progressionepigeneticsgenomic instabilitylung cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Genomic Instability
  • Epigenetics
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Genomic and epigenomic instability are hallmarks of cancer, fueling tumor growth and treatment resistance.
  • Epigenetic echoes, dynamic modifications mirroring genomic alterations, significantly impact cancer cell behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate interplay between genomic instability and epigenetic echoes in cancer.
  • To understand how these factors shape the cancer genome, DNA repair, and tumor evolution.
  • To examine the role of epigenetic patterns as biomarkers in lung cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on genomic instability and epigenetic modifications.
  • Analysis of how epigenetic changes influence DNA repair and tumor evolution.
  • Case study on lung cancer to identify specific epigenetic biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Genomic instability and epigenetic echoes are interconnected, driving cancer progression.
  • Epigenetic modifications can affect DNA repair pathways and contribute to tumor evolution.
  • Specific epigenetic patterns in lung cancer serve as potential biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between genomic instability and epigenetic echoes is crucial for cancer development.
  • Epigenetic biomarkers hold promise for lung cancer diagnosis, subtyping, and monitoring.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges in clinical application and privacy.