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VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation
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Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) Test in Adults: Age-Related Changes and Italian Normative Data.

Alessio Facchin1,2,3, Silvio Maffioletti3,4, Roberta Daini2,5,6

  • 1Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.

Vision (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test now has adult norms for Italian speakers. Age impacts DEM time scores, while education and gender affect error scores, enhancing its clinical use.

Keywords:
DEM testconcussionneuropsychological testnormsoculomotor dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • The Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test assesses ocular motor skills.
  • Current DEM norms are limited to children, hindering adult clinical application.
  • Adult-specific DEM norms are needed for broader use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish adult normative data for the DEM test in the Italian-speaking population.
  • To investigate the influence of age on DEM test performance in adults.
  • To assess the impact of demographic factors on DEM scores.

Main Methods:

  • 521 healthy Italian adults (aged 20-79) participated.
  • Normative data were developed using a regression-based framework.
  • Demographic variables (age, education, gender) were analyzed as predictors.

Main Results:

  • Age significantly influenced Vertical Time (VT), Adjusted Horizontal Time (AHT), and Ratio scores.
  • Age did not influence the DEM error score.
  • Education and gender affected DEM error scores.

Conclusions:

  • Established DEM adult norms for Italian speakers, enabling accurate oculomotor efficiency assessment.
  • Age-related processing speed reduction impacts DEM time-based measures.
  • DEM test is now suitable for adult clinical settings, especially neuropsychological and neurological evaluations.