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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

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Updated: May 26, 2025

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology
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Cell Lineage-Specific Differences in Clinical Behavior of Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenomas.

Loren S van der Hoeven1,2,3, Tessa N A Slagboom2,4, Arjan Malekzadeh5

  • 1Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the  Netherlands.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|February 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Immunohistochemistry for transcription factors (TFs) refines pituitary adenoma classification. Specific TF subtypes, like TPIT+ and SF1+, show distinct radiological invasion patterns, aiding clinical behavior assessment.

Keywords:
PitNETSF1TPITnull cell adenomapituitary adenomatranscription factors

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for cell lineage-specific transcription factors (TFs) has updated pituitary adenoma classification since 2017.
  • This has led to new subtypes of hormone-negative non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) and fewer null cell adenomas (NCAs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between cell lineage-specific TF expression and radiological invasion in NFPAs.
  • To explore associations with prognosis, including recurrence and radiotherapy needs.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL up to July 2023.
  • 27 cohort studies were included, analyzing radiological invasion, recurrence, or radiotherapy in NFPAs based on TF expression.
  • Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two authors.

Main Results:

  • Cavernous sinus invasion was more common in NCAs and TPIT+ NFPAs compared to SF1+ NFPAs.
  • NCAs also showed higher rates of cavernous sinus invasion compared to PIT1+ NFPAs.
  • Limited studies prevented detailed analysis of recurrence and radiotherapy data.

Conclusions:

  • Cell lineage-specific TFs identified via IHC are crucial for distinguishing NFPA subtypes.
  • These subtypes exhibit different clinical behaviors, particularly regarding invasion patterns.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate prognostic implications.