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Updated: May 26, 2025

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact
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Hybrid electromagnetic toroidal vortices.

Ren Wang1,2, Beier Ying1, Shuai Shi1

  • 1Institute of Applied Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.

Science Advances
|February 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Scientists developed hybrid electromagnetic toroidal vortices, merging scalar and vector properties. These novel pulses exhibit unique topological features for advanced applications in information transmission and microscopy.

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetism
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Optics

Background:

  • Toroidal vortices are common in fluid dynamics.
  • Electromagnetic toroidal vortices are recently proposed as vector or scalar types.
  • The mutual exclusivity of scalar and vector characteristics was previously assumed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically propose electromagnetic toroidal vortex solutions integrating both scalar and vector characteristics.
  • To experimentally generate hybrid toroidal vortex pulses.
  • To explore the unique electromagnetic and topological features of these pulses.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of hybrid toroidal vortex solutions.
  • Experimental generation using a coaxial horn emitter with a radial metasurface.
  • Analysis of topological features like vortex streets and skyrmions.

Main Results:

  • Successful theoretical proposal of hybrid electromagnetic toroidal vortices.
  • Experimental demonstration of hybrid toroidal vortex pulse generation.
  • Observation of unique features including vortex streets, skyrmions, and transverse orbital angular momentum.
  • Demonstrated robustness to perturbations during propagation.

Conclusions:

  • Hybrid toroidal vortex pulses successfully integrate scalar and vector properties.
  • These pulses offer potential advantages for free-space information transmission.
  • Applications include topologically nontrivial light-matter interactions and advanced microscopy techniques.