Predictors of Pregnancy after Artificial Insemination in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, being one of the main causes of infertility. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is an important marker of ovarian reserve and has been proposed as an alternative criterion for the diagnosis of PCOS. This study verifies whether AMH and body mass index (BMI) values are predictors of pregnancy in infertile women with PCOS undergoing artificial insemination (AI), a less invasive and painless technique of assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

This retrospective observational study involved 220 women with PCOS who underwent AI between 2010 and 2022. Participants were categorized into three groups based on BMI and serum AMH levels. To categorize the three AMH classes, the 25th (4.08ng/mL) and 75th (8.99ng/mL) AMH percentiles were defined as cut-offs, and the words 'low', 'middle', and 'high' were utilized to define the groups.

There was a tendency towards a decrease in reproductive outcomes (number of inseminations with positive human-chorionic gonadotropin, number of live births, and number of term births) with an increase in the BMI value. All of these outcomes were also slightly higher in women with 'middle' AMH levels compared to women with 'low' and 'high' AMH. However, none of these results were statistically significant.

This study suggests BMI may be an important predictive factor for pregnancy and there appears to be a range of biological normality for AMH values, where 'low' and 'high' levels of this hormone could constitute a marker of poor reproductive prognosis, in women with PCOS undergoing AI.