Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

1.0K
All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
1.0K
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

604
The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
604
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

598
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
598
Nuclear Binding Energy02:13

Nuclear Binding Energy

12.2K
The difference between the calculated and experimentally measured masses is known as the mass defect of the atom. In the case of helium-4, the mass defect indicates a “loss” in mass of 4.0331 amu – 4.0026 amu = 0.0305 amu. The loss in mass accompanying the formation of an atom from protons, neutrons, and electrons is due to the conversion of that mass into energy that is evolved as the atom forms. The nuclear binding energy is the energy produced when the atoms’ nucleons...
12.2K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

1.6K
All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not...
1.6K
Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge03:08

Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge

51.1K
The elements in groups of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior. This similarity occurs because the members of a group have the same number and distribution of electrons in their valence shells.
51.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Novel cembranoid diterpenoids from the leaves of <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> with anti-proliferative activity.

Natural product research·2026
Same author

KNLR: A heterogeneous ensemble learner for predicting Foie gras weight grade in mule ducks (Anas platyrhynchos × Cairina moschata).

Poultry science·2026
Same author

Neoadjuvant GOLP in Resectable High-Risk Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

Experimental Evidence of Vortex γ Photons in All-Optical Inverse Compton Scattering.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Magnetized plasma rotator for relativistic mid-infrared pulses via frequency-variable Faraday rotation.

Light, science & applications·2026
Same author

Study of mechanism of drug-induced liver injury caused by pyrethroid insecticides based on network toxicology and mendelian randomization.

Toxicology research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2025

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F&#8722;
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

8.6K

Angular Momentum Resolved Inelastic Electron Scattering for Nuclear Giant Resonances.

Zhi-Wei Lu1, Liang Guo2,3, Mamutjan Ababekri1

  • 1Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an 710049, China.

Physical Review Letters
|February 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new theory for analyzing angular momentum transfer in giant resonances (GRs) using electrons. It reveals how both standard and novel vortex electrons can probe nuclear structure, advancing nuclear physics research.

More Related Videos

High-Sensitivity Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Giga-Pascal Pressures: A New Tool for Probing Electronic and Chemical Properties of Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions
08:42

High-Sensitivity Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Giga-Pascal Pressures: A New Tool for Probing Electronic and Chemical Properties of Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions

Published on: October 10, 2014

11.5K
Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
08:53

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Published on: October 9, 2012

17.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2025

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F&#8722;
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

8.6K
High-Sensitivity Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Giga-Pascal Pressures: A New Tool for Probing Electronic and Chemical Properties of Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions
08:42

High-Sensitivity Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Giga-Pascal Pressures: A New Tool for Probing Electronic and Chemical Properties of Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions

Published on: October 10, 2014

11.5K
Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
08:53

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Published on: October 9, 2012

17.6K

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Astrophysics
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Giant resonances (GRs) are fundamental to understanding nuclear structure and astrophysical processes.
  • Electron scattering is a key method for exciting GRs, but angular momentum (AM) transfer details remain unexplored.
  • Investigating electron AM transfer, including spin and orbital components, is crucial for advanced nuclear studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive theory for AM-resolved inelastic electron scattering.
  • To investigate AM transfer in GRs excited by both plane-wave and vortex electrons.
  • To explore novel methods for extracting nuclear transition strengths and generating vortex particles.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a comprehensive theory for angular momentum-resolved inelastic electron scattering.
  • Theoretical analysis of GR excitation using plane-wave electrons.
  • Theoretical analysis of GR excitation using relativistic vortex electrons with varying orbital angular momentum.
  • Investigation of AM conservation principles in electron scattering.

Main Results:

  • Plane-wave electrons can extract higher multipolarity transition strengths by analyzing scattered electron AM states.
  • Relativistic vortex electrons with orbital angular momentum (OAM) of ±1 can be efficiently generated.
  • Vortex electrons enable GR transition strength extraction irrespective of nuclear position relative to the beam.
  • Higher OAM vortex electrons can be generated for on-axis nuclei, leveraging AM conservation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed theory provides new insights into nuclear structure research via AM transfer analysis.
  • Vortex electrons offer a versatile tool for probing nuclear properties, complementing traditional methods.
  • This work lays the foundation for generating and utilizing vortex particles in future experiments.
  • The findings enhance our understanding of electron-nucleus interactions in the context of giant resonances.