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Area of Science:

  • Nanomaterials science
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Rare earth element chemistry

Background:

  • Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are extensively studied for their biomedical potential, especially in wound healing.
  • The roles of different cerium oxidation states (Ce3+ and Ce4+) and nanoparticle morphologies in biological interactions remain unclear.
  • Understanding cation distribution and surface properties is crucial for optimizing CeO2 NP applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cation location and surface properties of differently shaped CeO2 NPs (nanocube, nanosphere, nanorod, polyhedral).
  • To evaluate the hemocompatibility, antibacterial, and antifungal properties of these CeO2 NPs.
  • To correlate nanoparticle morphology and surface characteristics with their biological efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of CeO2 NPs with various morphologies.
  • Assessment of nanoparticle interaction with hemoglobin (Hb) for hemocompatibility.
  • Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activities against relevant microorganisms.
  • Analysis of surface properties including charge, Ce3+/Ce4+ distribution, and hydrophilicity.

Main Results:

  • Nanosphere and nanorod CeO2 NPs exhibited the highest interaction with hemoglobin, indicating good hemocompatibility.
  • Negatively charged nanoparticle surfaces enhanced antibacterial properties against gram-negative bacteria.
  • A correlation was found between fungicidal activity and the presence of surface Ce3+ cations.
  • Nanorod morphology was identified as the most suitable for antimicrobial applications due to its surface properties and ion distribution.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticle morphology, surface area/volume ratio, crystallinity, hydrophilicity, Ce3+/Ce4+ distribution, and surface charge are key determinants of CeO2 NP applicability.
  • CeO2 nanorods demonstrate superior hemocompatibility and potent antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) properties.
  • These findings highlight the potential of tailored CeO2 nanorods for advanced wound healing and biomedical applications.