Solar retinopathy: a review of the literature and case report

Accounts of solar retinopathy have existed for centuries, but only recently have researchers begun to investigate the mechanisms responsible for producing solar retinal injury. The vast majority of solar retinal injuries occur as a result of viewing a solar eclipse without adequate protection. The extent of structural retinal damage and associated visual impairment is dependent upon the intensity and duration of solar exposure. The exact mechanisms which operate to produce solar retinal compromise are not completely known, but is believed to involve a thermally enhanced photochemical process. Despite the lack of a standardized treatment protocol, most cases of solar retinopathy will improve significantly over time without treatment. Prevention remains the mainstay of therapy. Solar retinopathy must be differentiated from other subtle macular diseases in the absence of a confirmed history of solar exposure.