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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture01:27

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Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face a multifaceted journey in forming their identities, shaped by the intersections of cultural expectations and personal exploration. For these adolescents, identity formation involves not only typical developmental challenges but also navigating the perceptions and attitudes of the majority culture. As they grow, adolescents in ethnic minority groups often become increasingly aware of stereotypes, social biases, and discrimination, all of which...
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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Community Based Intervention01:30

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Community-based interventions in mental health represent a paradigm shift from institution-centered care to treatments embedded within the fabric of local communities. By prioritizing inclusion and leveraging existing societal structures, this approach fosters a supportive environment conducive to addressing mental health challenges while promoting individual dignity and agency.
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Interdisciplinary Care: The Health Care Team-II01:18

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An interdisciplinary team includes many healthcare professionals working together and utilizing their skills, knowledge, and expertise to provide holistic and quality patient care. Here are a few more healthcare professionals.
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Interdisciplinary Care: The Health Care Team-I01:21

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An interdisciplinary team includes many healthcare professionals working together and utilizing their skills, knowledge, and expertise to provide holistic and quality patient care.
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Racial and Ethnic Representation Among Complementary and Integrative Health Program Graduates.

Margaret D Whitley1,2, Nipher Malika1,2, Patricia M Herman1,2

  • 1RAND, Department of Behavioral and Policy Sciences, Santa Monica, CA, USA.

Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine
|February 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Racial and ethnic diversity in complementary and integrative health care (CIH) professions is increasing but still lags behind the U.S. population. Massage therapy, acupuncture, and traditional East Asian medicine show greater diversity, yet disparities persist.

Keywords:
complementary therapiesintegrative medicineprofessional educationworkforce diversity

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Healthcare Disparities
  • Workforce Diversity

Background:

  • Complementary and integrative health care (CIH) utilization varies by race and ethnicity in the U.S.
  • Limited racial and ethnic diversity among CIH providers may impede access for underrepresented populations.
  • Understanding workforce demographics is crucial for equitable CIH access.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess racial and ethnic representation in licensed and non-licensed CIH professions and conventional health care.
  • To compare CIH provider diversity with the general U.S. population.
  • To analyze trends in CIH workforce diversity from 2011 to 2022.

Main Methods:

  • A repeated cross-sectional study using 2011-2022 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) data.
  • Analysis of race and ethnicity among 3,524,494 graduates across 53,393 programs.
  • Comparison of graduate demographics in licensed CIH, non-licensed CIH, and conventional health care fields against U.S. population data.

Main Results:

  • Inclusion of massage therapy indicated higher diversity (more Latino and Black graduates) in licensed CIH professions compared to conventional health care.
  • Excluding massage therapy revealed similar or reduced diversity in licensed CIH professions.
  • Acupuncture and traditional East Asian medicine showed higher proportions of Asian graduates; overall CIH diversity increased modestly from 2011-2022.

Conclusions:

  • While some CIH professions like massage therapy, acupuncture, and traditional East Asian medicine exhibit greater diversity, a significant gap remains between CIH provider demographics and the U.S. population.
  • Massage therapy's inclusion significantly impacts perceived diversity in licensed CIH professions.
  • Efforts are needed to further enhance racial and ethnic diversity within CIH professions to align with national demographics.