Exploring the efficiency of chemically activated palm frond carbon in heavy metal adsorption a modeling approach

The industry's unregulated discharge of unprocessed trash is a major contributor to environmental contamination. Drinking water contaminated by heavy metals is a serious environmental and public health problem. Cadmium (Cd (II)) is one heavy metal frequently found in wastewater. Adsorption is the most widely used method for treating water contaminated with heavy metals due to its great performance, affordability, and ease of use. This work examined the potential for heavy metal adsorption in palm fronds, a chemically treated agricultural waste, using H₃PO₄-derived activated Carbon (also known as chemically treated Carbon from palm fronds, or CTCPFs) for Cd(II) adsorption. Extensive batch tests investigated the effects of pH, initial metal concentration, dosage of CTCPFs, and contract duration on adsorption at room Temperature (25 ± 1 °C). Using BET techniques, the surface area and porosity of the sample were measured, and the surface morphology was examined using SEM. FT-IR and XRD measurements were made. After 90 min, 99.65% of the Cd (II) had been removed. Cd (II) was efficiently adsorbed by CTCPFs (> 99%) at pH = 5,C₀ = 50 mg/l, CTCPFs dosage 1 g /250 ml at 45 ℃ and contact time 90 min. According to the findings, CTCPFs are a cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly adsorbent that can treat heavy metal-contaminated industrial wastewater as impure water. They also show promise in removing Cd (II) under neutral conditions.