Cerebellar Alterations in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Mini-Review

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social communication and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. In addition, individuals diagnosed with ASD may also present cognitive impairments. The neurobiological mechanisms possibly associated with the cause of ASD have not yet been fully elucidated. Studies suggest that brain alterations, especially in the cerebellum, play a fundamental role in the etiology of ASD. This brain region, traditionally associated with motor control, has been implicated in several cognitive and emotional processes, many of which are impaired in autistic individuals. This mini-review examines the evidence on cerebellar abnormalities associated with ASD, discussing their implications for the understanding and treatment of the disorder.