Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH

944
Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
A drug's pKa and the pH of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play crucial roles...
944
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution

400
The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
400
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

170
Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
170
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

264
Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
264
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

665
Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
665
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters01:22

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters

206
The physicochemical characteristics of drugs play a crucial role in formulating stable and bioavailable drug products. The solubility of a drug, governed by the varying pH along the GI tract and its dissociation constant (pKa), is pivotal in determining its ionization state and absorption rate. Notably, weak acids and bases remain unionized and are absorbed more rapidly.
Enhanced drug absorption can be achieved by reducing particle sizes and increasing surface areas, thereby facilitating...
206

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Validation of an Automated Fluorescence- and Image-Based Viable Cell Counting Method for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Drug Products.

Biotechnology journal·2026
Same author

Establishment of <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTA-Based Pretargeted Radioimmunodiagnosis.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Pretargeted <sup>177</sup>Lu/<sup>225</sup>Ac combination therapy of colorectal cancer.

Theranostics·2026
Same author

Novel polymer series for pharmaceutical applications: alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid modified polymethacrylates.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Solubility-Permeability-Matrix Interplay in Percutaneous Absorption Exemplified by Theophylline.

AAPS PharmSciTech·2026
Same author

In Vitro Evaluation of Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) In Situ Gels and Pharmacokinetics Following Subcutaneous Injection in Rats for Model Drugs.

Pharmaceutics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2025

Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study
10:10

Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study

Published on: August 15, 2016

10.2K

A new model for ionizable drug dissolution in intestinal bicarbonate buffer.

Jozef Al-Gousous1, Adrin Jalali Sohi2, Niloufar Salehi3

  • 1Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|February 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a new dissolution model for oral drugs, accounting for intestinal buffering. The model accurately predicts drug dissolution rates in the gastrointestinal tract, improving bioavailability predictions.

Keywords:
BicarbonateDiffusionDissolutionModellingReaction

More Related Videos

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier and Ion Permeability in Native Tissue by Ussing Chamber Technique
06:43

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier and Ion Permeability in Native Tissue by Ussing Chamber Technique

Published on: May 26, 2021

5.3K
Author Spotlight: Experiential Tool for Teaching Active Transport Using Ex Vivo Histidine Uptake
04:40

Author Spotlight: Experiential Tool for Teaching Active Transport Using Ex Vivo Histidine Uptake

Published on: October 4, 2024

1.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2025

Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study
10:10

Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study

Published on: August 15, 2016

10.2K
Functional Assessment of Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier and Ion Permeability in Native Tissue by Ussing Chamber Technique
06:43

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier and Ion Permeability in Native Tissue by Ussing Chamber Technique

Published on: May 26, 2021

5.3K
Author Spotlight: Experiential Tool for Teaching Active Transport Using Ex Vivo Histidine Uptake
04:40

Author Spotlight: Experiential Tool for Teaching Active Transport Using Ex Vivo Histidine Uptake

Published on: October 4, 2024

1.5K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Oral drug bioavailability depends on dissolution in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Ionization and intestinal buffering significantly impact drug dissolution rates.
  • Existing models often oversimplify the complex intestinal environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel dissolution model incorporating intestinal bicarbonate buffering.
  • To accurately simulate drug dissolution considering ionization and buffer effects.
  • To enhance predictions of drug bioavailability for orally administered medications.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a system of differential algebraic equations based on steady-state and equilibrium assumptions.
  • Incorporated reactant diffusion across a defined boundary layer.
  • Numerically solved the model using Wolfram Mathematica.

Main Results:

  • The model accurately predicted drug flux values from literature data.
  • Fewer simplifying assumptions were made compared to previous models.
  • Demonstrated enhanced accuracy in simulating dissolution in intestinal media.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model offers a more accurate simulation of oral drug dissolution.
  • It provides a promising approach for predicting drug behavior in the intestinal environment.
  • This work contributes to improved understanding and prediction of drug bioavailability.