Photodynamic therapy: Clinical applications in dermatology

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive treatment modality that uses photosensitizers in conjunction with a light source to induce therapeutic effects mediated in part through reactive oxygen species. PDT can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other treatments. In the United States, PDT is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of actinic keratoses and is utilized off-label for other dermatologic conditions. Studies show that PDT has a favorable safety profile and, in order of level of evidence, has been used to treat actinic keratoses, basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ, acne, port wine stains, cutaneous infections, photoaging, actinic cheilitis, mycosis fungoides, rosacea, alopecia areata, and extramammary Paget disease. Part II of this CME provides a comprehensive overview of dermatologic clinical applications of PDT. Understanding the expanding evidence-based applications of PDT is crucial for dermatologists to ensure patient safety and optimize patient outcomes through tailored treatment protocols. Herein, we provide clinical descriptions of how to treat various dermatologic diseases using PDT so that clinicians may incorporate PDT into their practice.