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Human schistosomiasis.

Dora Buonfrate1, Teresa Cristina A Ferrari2, Ayola Akim Adegnika3

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Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, is caused by Schistosoma parasites transmitted via freshwater snails. Treatment involves praziquantel, crucial for mass drug administration in endemic communities.

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Area of Science:

  • Tropical Medicine
  • Parasitology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Schistosoma blood flukes.
  • It is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, transmitted through freshwater snails.
  • Infections can lead to acute (Katayama fever) and chronic conditions affecting various organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of schistosomiasis, including its epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To highlight the public health significance of this neglected tropical disease.
  • To emphasize current control strategies and the role of praziquantel.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Schistosoma infections.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and pathological outcomes.
  • Summary of diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Schistosomiasis manifests as intestinal or urogenital disease with severe complications like hepatic fibrosis, portal hypertension, renal failure, and bladder cancer.
  • Diagnosis relies on egg detection, often with limited sensitivity.
  • Praziquantel is the primary treatment and key component of mass drug administration programs.

Conclusions:

  • Schistosomiasis poses a significant global health burden, necessitating integrated control strategies.
  • Effective management relies on early diagnosis and widespread access to praziquantel.
  • Continued research and public health efforts are vital to combat this neglected tropical disease.