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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

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Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
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As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
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Meiosis I01:49

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Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by...
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In human anatomy, anastomosis refers to a connection or opening between two things, particularly between blood vessels or other tubular structures. The term is derived from the Greek term 'anastomosis,' which means 'outlet' or 'opening.' This natural network of connections plays a critical role in the survival and functionality of the human body.
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Updated: May 26, 2025

Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas
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Conjoined Twins.

Mark S Shafarenko1, Ronald M Zuker2

  • 1The Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, The Rotman/Stewart Building, 149 College Street, 5th Floor, Suite 508, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1P5, Canada.

Clinics in Plastic Surgery
|February 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conjoined twin evaluation requires a multidisciplinary approach tailored to each case. Advances in surgical techniques and modeling improve outcomes for these complex patients.

Keywords:
Conjoined twinsImagingOutcomesSeparation

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Medical Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Conjoined twins present unique medical and surgical challenges.
  • Historically, surgical separation outcomes have been variable.
  • Understanding the specific anatomy and physiology is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the comprehensive evaluation process for conjoined twins.
  • To highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach.
  • To discuss advancements aiding surgical separation and improving outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of multidisciplinary team roles (surgery, nursing, anesthesia, critical care).
  • Discussion of diagnostic modalities and imaging techniques.
  • Analysis of surgical planning strategies, including tissue expansion and 3D modeling.

Main Results:

  • Complex cases necessitate tailored, individualized evaluation protocols.
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for successful surgical planning and execution.
  • Technological advancements have enhanced predictability and improved patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Conjoined twin management requires meticulous, team-based planning.
  • Continued learning from past cases is vital for optimizing future surgical separation.
  • Advances in technology significantly contribute to better outcomes in conjoined twin cases.