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Global prevalence of hydrocele in infants and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nader Salari1, Mahan Beiromvand2, Reza Abdollahi3

  • 1Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

BMC Pediatrics
|February 22, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric hydrocele, a common congenital condition in infants, affects 1 in 1000 live births. Early screening and health policies are crucial to address undiagnosed cases in children and prevent long-term consequences.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Pediatric hydrocele is a common congenital condition in newborns.
  • Untreated cases can lead to permanent adverse effects in adulthood.
  • Understanding global prevalence is vital for health policy development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the global prevalence of pediatric hydrocele in infants and children.
  • To provide essential data for health policymakers regarding this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar).
  • Keywords: "Prevalence", "Outbreak hydrocele", "Infant", "Child".
  • Meta-analysis using a random-effects model with heterogeneity assessed by the I² index.

Main Results:

  • Global prevalence in infants (1-2 weeks) is 0.001% (1 per 1000 live births) based on 5 studies (70,961 infants).
  • Global prevalence in children (7-12 years) is 0.0034% (3.4 per 1000 children) based on 3 studies (278,597 children).

Conclusions:

  • A significant global prevalence of pediatric hydrocele exists, particularly in infants.
  • Undiagnosed or recurrent cases in children necessitate improved medical screening.
  • Implementation of health policies is recommended to mitigate prevalence and adverse outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenHydroceleInfantPediatricsPrevalence

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