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Piperonal-coated silver nanoparticles: A study on cytotoxicity and protein binding
Aparna Raj1, L Vidya1, Anushka Reji1
1School of Pure & Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, P.D Hills (P.O), Kottayam, Kerala 686 560, India.
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
|February 23, 2025
Summary
Piperonal-capped silver nanoparticles (P-Ag) show low toxicity and significant antitumor activity against lung cancer. These P-Ag nanoparticles exhibit moderate binding to human serum albumin with minimal impact on its structure, suggesting therapeutic potential.
Area of Science:
- Nanomedicine
- Biochemistry
- Materials Science
Background:
- Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess recognized medicinal properties.
- Functionalizing nanoparticles with natural compounds enhances their biomedical applications.
- Piperonal, a natural compound, was used to cap synthesized silver nanoparticles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize and characterize piperonal-capped silver nanoparticles (P-Ag).
- To evaluate the cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of P-Ag nanoparticles.
- To investigate the interaction between P-Ag nanoparticles and human serum albumin (HSA).
Main Methods:
- Synthesis and characterization of spherical P-Ag nanoparticles (20-35 nm).
- Cytotoxicity and anticancer assays against lung cancer cell lines.
- UV-visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy for protein binding.
- Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) for thermodynamic analysis.
- Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy for structural analysis of HSA.
Main Results:
- P-Ag nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, exhibiting good stability and low cytotoxicity.
- Significant antitumor activity was observed against lung cancer cell lines (low IC50 values).
- P-Ag demonstrated moderate binding affinity to HSA (Kd ~10^3 M^-1), with spontaneous, favorable, and endothermic interaction.
- HSA secondary structure remained largely intact upon P-Ag interaction, showing minimal conformational changes.
Conclusions:
- Piperonal-capped silver nanoparticles (P-Ag) are stable, exhibit low toxicity, and possess significant anticancer properties.
- P-Ag nanoparticles interact moderately with HSA without causing substantial structural damage.
- These findings highlight P-Ag nanoparticles as promising candidates for future therapeutic applications in nanomedicine.
