Evaluating the evidence behind multidisciplinary roles for a multiple sclerosis unit: A systematic literature review

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a primary cause of non-traumatic disability in young adults, affecting cognitive, motor, sensory, and emotional functions. Current pharmacological treatments offer limited benefits in reversing existing damage, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive care approach. Whilst the need for a multidisciplinary team (MDT) is widely accepted, the evidence supporting each potential member in an ideal MS unit is not currently clear.

A systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted, focusing on original research studies from the past decade that discuss the role of MDTs or specific healthcare professionals in MS care. Databases searched included PubMed and EMBASE. Studies were screened and selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data were extracted on study objectives, methods, and outcomes.

The initial search yielded 428 results from PubMed and 282 results from EMBASE, resulting in a total of 710 records. Of these, 98 were found to be duplicates. 612 papers were screened, and 565 were excluded. The remaining 47 papers were assessed for eligibility, and 20 papers were excluded. Studies from various countries highlight improved outcomes with MDTs involving neurologists, nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, psychologists, and other specialists. The review supports the integration of diverse professionals in MS care. However, gaps exist in the research, particularly regarding the role of occupational therapy and standardization of inpatient rehabilitation practices.

This systematic review demonstrated evidence for the use of a multidisciplinary approach to MS care, and therefore is in favour of the concept of an MS unit to optimise outcomes. This review has also highlighted areas where future research may be needed regarding the members and their role in the MS care unit.