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A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...
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Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
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Updated: Jun 15, 2025

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Synapse: A co-designed neurodivergent peer support programme for higher education settings.

Aisling Coyle1, Liam O'Hare1, Devon Ramey1

  • 1Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.

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|February 24, 2025
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Summary

This study designed the Synapse peer mentoring program for neurodivergent students, emphasizing co-mentoring to foster belonging and reduce stigma. The program aims to empower students and create a more inclusive university environment.

Keywords:
co-design studyconnectednessempowermenthigher educationneurodiversityspecialist peer mentoring programme

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Area of Science:

  • Higher Education
  • Neurodiversity Studies
  • Student Support Services

Background:

  • Neurodivergent students often need support with social integration in university.
  • Peer mentoring is an established method for aiding student transition to higher education.
  • Existing peer mentoring models may not adequately address the needs of neurodivergent students.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To co-design a peer mentoring program, Synapse, tailored for neurodivergent university students.
  • To identify key outcomes and preferred activities for supporting neurodivergent students' social integration and sense of belonging.
  • To address concerns regarding traditional peer mentoring terminology and power dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Stakeholder engagement, including neurodivergent students, neurotypical students, and university staff, in program design.
  • Utilizing a workshop to create a visual logic model of the proposed peer mentoring program.
  • Analyzing audio recordings and transcripts from the workshop to identify key themes and stakeholder preferences.

Main Results:

  • Stakeholders identified needs for increased connection, belonging, reduced stigma through neurodiversity education, and empowerment for neurodivergent students.
  • One-to-one and group mentoring were preferred program activities.
  • Participants favored co-mentoring relationships over traditional mentor-mentee structures to ensure equality.

Conclusions:

  • The Synapse program, utilizing a co-mentoring model, aims to meet the social and empowerment needs of neurodivergent students.
  • Co-mentoring promotes an equitable environment, valuing all participants equally.
  • Inclusive program design involving diverse stakeholders is crucial for effective student support.