Structurally Diverse New Metabolites from Three Hadal Trench-Derived Microorganisms

Area of Science:

• Marine microbiology
• Natural product chemistry
• Chemical ecology

Background:

• Hadal trench sediments represent underexplored environments for microbial biodiversity.
• Deep-sea microorganisms are a promising source of novel bioactive natural products.

Purpose of the Study:

• To isolate and characterize new chemical entities from microorganisms inhabiting hadal trench sediments.
• To evaluate the biological activity of the isolated compounds, particularly their antibacterial potential.

Main Methods:

• Isolation and purification of compounds using chromatographic techniques.
• Structure elucidation employing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), High-Resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (HRESIMS), Optical Rotatory Dispersion (ORD), and X-ray crystallography.
• Stereochemical assignment using DP4+ analysis, Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD) calculations, Marfey's, and Mosher's methods.
• Antibacterial activity assessed via microbial broth dilution assays.

Main Results:

• Discovery of two new tetraene lactone derivatives (1, 2) and two new α-pyrone derivatives (3, 4).
• Identification of three compounds (5, 6, 8) as natural products reported for the first time.
• Characterization of eleven known compounds (7, 9-18).
• Compounds 6-11 and 15 exhibited weak antibacterial effects.

Conclusions:

• The study expands the chemical diversity of natural products isolated from hadal environments.
• The identified compounds, particularly those with antibacterial activity, warrant further investigation for pharmaceutical applications.
• This research highlights the potential of hadal trench microorganisms as a source of novel bioactive metabolites.