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Intensity and frequency: dimensions underlying positive and negative affect.

E Diener, R J Larsen, S Levine

    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
    |May 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Positive and negative emotions are not always opposites. A new study suggests emotional intensity, not just frequency, explains why positive and negative affect can be independent over time.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Affective Science
    • Personality Psychology

    Background:

    • Existing research presents conflicting findings on the correlation between positive and negative affect.
    • Some studies indicate a strong inverse correlation, while others suggest independence over time in subjective well-being.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To reconcile the inconsistency between inverse and independent correlations of positive and negative affect.
    • To propose and investigate a two-dimensional model of personal affective structure: frequency and intensity.

    Main Methods:

    • Three studies were conducted involving subjects completing daily and momentary mood reports.
    • Analysis focused on the correlations between the frequency and intensity of positive and negative affect.

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    Main Results:

    • Positive and negative affect intensity were strongly and positively correlated across all three studies.
    • The frequency and intensity of affect varied independently.
    • When intensity was controlled, the correlation between average positive and negative affect became strongly inverse.

    Conclusions:

    • The intensity dimension of affect helps explain the observed independence of positive and negative affect.
    • Emotional intensity is proposed as a novel personality dimension with unique characteristics.